The Immune System

The Immune System Antigens - be chemicals which crap the eubstance to produce antibodies. Antibodies - ar chemicals made by the body in response to the antigens of the pathogens, to demobilise the antigens. Antigens be molecules (usu tout ensembley proteins or polysaccharides) found on the protrude of stalls. When a pathogen invades the body, the antigens on its fold up are identified as foreign, which activates cells in the resistive administration. in that location are 4 master(prenominal) stages to immune response: 1.Phagocytes occupy pathogens A scavenger cell (e.g. a macrophage) is a lineament of ovalbumin gunstock cell which engulfs the pathogen (phagocytosis) they are bribe in the crinkle and tissues and are the first cells to respond. The phagocyte recognises the antigens on the pathogen. The cytoplasm (the cell contents, except the nucleus) of the phagocyte, moves around the pathogen, skirt it from all sides. The pathogen is now contained in a bubble in the cytoplasm (phagocytic vacuole).

A lysosome (an cell organelle containing lysosomal enzymes) fuses with the phagocytic vacuole, and dissolves the pathogen. The phagocyte consequently presents the pathogens antigens...it sticks the antigens on its ascend to activate other immune system cells. 2. Phagocytes activate T-cells A T-cell is another type of tweed blood cell. It has proteins on its emerge which bind to the antigens presented to it by the phagocyte. This activates the divers(prenominal) type of T-cells some tucker substances to activate B-cells, and some draw to antigens on a pathogen and stamp out the cell. 3. T- cells activate B-cells, which divide into plasma cells.If you requirement to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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